C++ is a highly popular programing language these days. Especially used to learn data structures & algorithms
GUI Development
C++ is used in developing GUI. There are many libraries like QT, GTK+ and wxWidgets, etc. If you try to develop these things using C++, you'll going to learn a lot.
DB Engine Development in C++
C++ is very much used in DB engine development. One of the db engine, that's completely written in C++, is miniDB
Game Development in C++
Game Developers are using C++ for decades. C++ allows you to write games supporting various platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux etc. The runtime language for Unity engine is C++